拖拉机姿控飞轮防侧翻系统卸载能量回收试验研究

拖拉机侧翻事故是农业生产过程中最严峻的安全问题之一，现有主、被动安全手段均未能从根本上解决该问题。在前期利用飞轮—电机加速旋转时产生的反向力矩进行姿态调节实现失稳态拖拉机姿态回稳的基础上，为进一步避免姿控飞轮卸载过程造成能量浪费，本文基于1∶16比例模型试验平台设计搭建了飞轮卸载能量回收电路，并通过模型试验对其回收效果进行了验证。试验结果表明，当模型拖拉机以0.2m/s速度行驶于路面不平度较高的G级、H级路面出现侧翻趋势并实现姿态回稳时，整机侧向姿态角降至10°后能量回收系统可介入工作，此时回收电压出现峰值0.97V（H-B轨迹），随后其数值变化趋势与姿控飞轮转速的降低趋势相似，直至飞轮卸载完成后回收电压归零。试验过程中，飞轮—电机系统在对不同的整机侧翻趋势做出响应时，能量回收系统完成的电量回收不同，但均完成了对飞轮卸载能量的部分回收，提高了整机能源的利用效率。     

基于VOF模型的高温熔盐泵上端密封泄漏分析

为研究熔盐泵上端间隙密封的运行性能,基于SST k-ω湍流模型和VOF模型对熔盐泵上端密封结构性能进行计算,对不同扬程和不同介质条件下的泄漏量、扬程损失以及溢液腔内气液交界面形态进行分析.讨论扬程和介质条件对上端密封性能的影响,总结了关键变量和上端密封性能之间的相关关系.结果显示:泵扬程的增大会使泄漏量增加,如果扬程过大,黏性会对泄漏量产生显著影响;在相同扬程条件下,4种介质在间隙密封进出口的扬程损失差异均很小;间隙扬程损失随着泵扬程的增大而增加,3种泵扬程条件下间隙扬程损失都稍小于泵扬程;在溢液腔中,轴壁面高速旋转会使液体形成不规则的气液交界面和空腔;泵扬程的增大会抬高气液交界面的最高位置,使排液口内充液更多;在清水介质条件下,对该上端密封在不同扬程和流量的泵中下进行测试,在最高压力工况下熔盐泵仍保持稳定运行,未出现严重泄漏.     

河北省主要树种单木和林分生长率模型研建

利用第六次至第九次全国森林资源清查河北省2001,2006,2011,2016年4个年度的固定样地调查数据,采用非线性回归估计方法,建立了18个树种组的单木胸径生长率和材积生长率模型,以及12个树种组的林分材积生长率模型。结果表明,单木生长率模型的平均预估误差(MPE)基本都在3%以内,而平均百分标准误差(MPSE)、胸径生长率模型大都在10%以内,材积生长率模型大都在20%左右;林分生长率模型的平均预估误差(MPE)基本都在5%以内,平均百分标准误差(MPSE)大都在25%以内。所建模型可为河北省开展森林资源年度更新提供技术支撑。     

Implementation of an easily reconfigurable dynamic simulator for recirculating aquaculture systems

Methodology of Programmable Process Structures has been implemented and applied for the flexible automatic generation and simulation of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems. First, we implemented and validated the model for a pilot unit, based on short time experiments with Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), utilizing data and functionalities from the literature. Afterwards, starting from this model we generated a hypothetical single tank model of simulated increasing volume, to demonstrate how it supports the simplified, preliminary analysis, design and control of the possible multi-stage systems. We showed that the simulation of a single tank with an appropriately increasing volume makes possible to study the various control strategies, as well as to design the structure and the grading strategy of the multi-stage systems, without an increased combinatorial complexity. In the knowledge of the simulated increasing volume, we determined the volumes of subsequent stages by equidistant partitioning of the rearing time, algorithmically. Considering the available (or planned) tank volumes, this method makes possible to design a multi-stage system that approximately corresponds to the previously optimized single tank model. This conclusion was illustrated by the generation and simulation of the model for the respective multi-stage system.     

鸡胚及禽类细胞系在生物医药领域的应用及研究进展

鸡胚因发育过程清楚，长久以来作为基础和应用科学研究领域重要的实验模型，尤其在鸡胚发育早期绒毛尿囊膜阶段，因其血管丰富，是天然的免疫缺陷宿主，是病理学、药理学和肿瘤学等研究领域的理想实验模型。作者简述了发育早期的鸡胚组织结构，并介绍了鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜在肿瘤研究、血管生成、器官移植、烧伤等疾病机理研究中的应用，以及在鸡胚病理模型基础上进行的抗肿瘤药物筛选的应用。重点介绍了鸡胚及禽类细胞系在病毒繁殖和疫苗生产、治疗性蛋白和单抗生产方面的应用研究进展。多种人源病毒、禽源病毒、支原体等可在鸡胚及禽类细胞上增殖，并用于疫苗生产。作者对常用的禽类纤维原细胞和多能干细胞的发展和特点进行了阐述，并总结了商业化的禽类细胞系来源以及部分易感病毒。鸡胚表达系统能够在目的蛋白特定位点产生人源化糖基，减少目的蛋白对人的过敏反应，且禽蛋廉价易得，可作为生产人用单克隆抗体和治疗性蛋白的合适供体。作者介绍了鸡胚及禽类细胞系在生物医药领域应用的最新进展，并对鸡胚作为动物模型在未来的应用进行了展望。     

Dynamics of Integration between Chinese and International Waste Paper Markets

ABSTRACT

China is the largest importer of waste paper in the world and is highly dependent on the international market. Thus, the relationship between Chinese and international waste paper markets affects the supply of fiber materials in China’s paper industry. This study examined the dynamic relationship between the two markets and the impact of newly implemented policies on both markets. We used unit root tests, cointegration test, vector error correction model (VECM) and frequency-domain Granger causality test to investigate the integration between Chinese and international waste paper markets and identify which of the two markets is the price leader. The results revealed that the two markets were integrated after controlling for structural breaks, and the Chinese market acted as the price leader. Since the supply of waste paper and wood pulp is insufficient in China to meet the fiber demand of the paper industry, waste paper import restrictions have significantly affected the supply of fiber materials in China’s paper industry. Therefore, the Chinese government should fully consider the benefit of market integration and make full use of international waste paper resources to satisfy the large domestic demand for paper products.     

2016—2018年度国家区试小麦品种品质性状灰色关联度分析与评价

为研究近年来参试小麦品系品质状况并筛选优质品种,对2016—2018年参加国家冬麦区黄淮南片水地组品种区域试验的20个小麦新品系的5个性状进行灰色关联度分析。结果表明,各指标与品质综合评价值的关联度(r_i)和权重(r_j)2年均表现为容重>湿面筋含量/吸水率>蛋白质含量>稳定时间。2017年5个品种综合评价值高于对照,2018年10个品种综合评价值高于对照。‘郑科麦136’连续2年综合评价值列首位。无论是否考虑各指标对品质影响的权重,‘漯麦26’品质2年间差异最小。灰色关联度分析法在品质性状评价中具有一定的科学性,但受评价指标较少、各指标赋权合理性的影响,有一些局限性。在品种应用时应根据最终用途进行细化评价,不同类型的品质参数应分别做灰色关联度分析,以保证分析结果准确。     

Development of a linear mixed-effects individual-tree basal area increment model for masson pine in Hunan Province,South-central China

ABSTRACT

An individual-tree basal area increment model was developed for masson pine based on 26276 observations of 13,138 trees in 987 sample plots from the 7th (2004), 8th (2009), and 9th (2014) Chinese National Forest Inventory in Hunan Province, South-central China. The model was built using a linear mixed-effects approach with sample plots included as random effects since the data have a hierarchical stochastic structure and biased estimates of the standard error of parameter estimates could be a consequence of applying ordinary least square (OLS) for regression. In addition, within-plot heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation were also considered. The final mixed-effects model was determined according to the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), log-likelihood (Loglik), and the likelihoodratio test (LRT). The results revealed that initial diameter (DBH), the sum of the basal area (m²/ha) in trees with DBHs larger than the DBH of the subject tree (BAL), number of trees per hectare (NT), and elevation (EL) had a significant impact on individual-tree basal area increment. The mixed-effects model performed much better than the basic model produced using OLS. Additionally, the variance structure of the model errors was successfully modeled using the power function. However, the autocorrelation structures were not defined because there was no autocorrelation amongst the data. It is believed that the final model will contribute to the scientific management of the masson pine.     

玉米大豆间作种植密度耦合数学模型及其优化方案研究

云南省大豆的种植主要以与玉米间作为主,适宜的种植密度是获得高产的前提,为研究种植密度对群体产量和经济产值的影响,找到最佳种植密度组合。采用二次饱和D-最优设计,分别在云南嵩明县（A）、会泽县（B）和鲁甸县（C）等3个点进行试验。研究了玉米和大豆种植密度对群体产量和经济产值的影响,并分别建立二元二次数学模型。结果表明：玉米和大豆密度对间作群体产量和经济产值影响显著,均呈凸抛物线型变化,在低密度水平下,群体产量和经济产值随密度的增加而增加。通过模型解析表明,玉米+大豆密度组合分别为64 110株/hm ²+147 013株/hm ²（A）、63 068株/hm ²+147 116株/hm ²（B）、64 059株/hm ²+145 077株/hm ²（C）时,各试验点可分别达到最高群体产量。玉米+大豆密度组合分别为62 909株/hm ²+149 852株/hm ²（A）、61 499株/hm ²+151 807株/hm ²（B）、62 762株/hm ²+147 108株/hm ²（C）时,各试验点可分别达到最高产值。经模拟得出,在本试验条件下,各试验点玉米大豆间作群体产量≥12 270kg/hm ²、经济产值≥24 000元/hm ²的最佳密度组合分别为玉米59 251~66 437株/hm ²、大豆140 075~161 495株/hm ²（A）,玉米58 927~65 366株/hm ²、大豆144 159~169 203株/hm ²（B）,玉米58 821~66 703株/hm ²、大豆139 315~154 886株/hm ²（C）。合理的密度搭配能有效提高群体产量,获得较高经济产值。     

Rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence: seed source and spatial pattern

A programme of field trials for the study of the winter barley–Rhynchosporium commune pathosystem is reported. The associated seedborne disease rhynchosporium leaf scald is regarded as having an important impact on barley yields. The analysis in this study relates to the impact of the seed source (commercial or farm-saved seed) on disease incidence and to the spatial pattern of rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence. Disease incidence data were calculated from field data recorded as disease severity. Mean disease incidence was higher in the crops grown from farm-saved seed than in those grown from commercial seed, although great agronomic significance cannot be attached to this result. The spatial pattern of rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence was characterized in terms of the binary power law (BPL) and was indicative of an aggregated pattern. Programme-wide BPL results were described using a novel phytopathological application of a random coefficients model. These results have application in field sampling for rhynchosporium leaf scald disease.